Answers 1
Written by Dr. Elihu Carranza   
Wednesday, 22 August 2007 15:36


Exercise 1.1: The Four Forms

 Instructions:   From the a-j chart, choose the letter for the correct answer for each of the following sentences (1-12).

a A(ab) f undistributed
b I(ab) g quantity
c O(ab) h quality
d E(ab) i universal
e distributed j particular
1 The forms A and E are said to have __I__ quantity.
2 The forms I and O are said to be __J___ in quantity.
3 If the subject terms of forms are __E___ , the forms are universal.
4 If the predicate terms of forms are __F___ , the forms are affirmative in quality.
5 If the predicate terms of forms are __E___ , the forms are negative in quality.
6 The forms A(ab) and I(ab) are similar in __H___ , but dissimilar in __G___ .
7 The form with both particular quantity and affirmative quality is __B___ .
8 The form with both terms undistributed is __B___ .
9 The form with a distributed subject term, and an undistributed predicate term is the __A___ .
10 The form with both terms distributed is __D___ .
11 The form A(ab) differs from form __C___ in both the distribution of terms, quantity, and quality.
12 The formal qualities of the forms are defined in terms of whether or not the subjects and predicates of the forms are __E,F___ or __F,E___ .

 

Exercise 1.2: Translating Propositions into Standard Form
 

Instructions: Rewrite each of the following propositions as standard A, E, I, or O forms. Use the letters in parentheses for subject and predicate terms for each. The Answers in the back of this book do the same. (If you cannot put them in standard form, you do not know what they mean.)
1

No Christian is a secularist. (c,s)

No c is s. E(cs)No Christian is a secularist.

2

Some children run to school. (c,s)

Some c is s. I(sc)Some children are runners-to school.

3

Only good students get A's. (s,g)

All s is g. A(sg)All students who get A's are good students

4

None but the brave deserve the fair. (f,b)

All f is b. A(fb)All those who deserve the fair are brave.

5

All except workers may enter. (w,e)

All non-w is e. (A(w' s)All non-workers are those who may enter. (And)No w is e. E(we)No worker is one who may enter.

6

Only freshmen need use the back door. (b,f)

All b is f. A(bf)All those who use the back door are freshmen.

7

The poor always ye have with you. (w,p)

All w is p. A(wp)All times someone is with you are times the poor are with you.

8

You always squirm out of an argument. (a,o)

All a is o. A(ao)All times you get into an argument are times you squirm out of it.

9

Except the Lord build the house, they labor in vain who build it. (l,i)

All non-l is v. A(l' v)All un-Godly labor is vain. (Or)No l is v. E(lv) by obversionNo Godly labor is vain.

10

Logic is the science of necessary inference. (l,s)

All l is s. A(ls)All logic is necessary inference-science.

11

Whosoever committeth sin transresseth also the law. (l,s)

All s are l. A(sl)All sinners are transgressors-of-the-law.

12

The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery. (f,e)

All f is e. A(fe)All of the Fall is a bringer-of-sin-and-misery.

13

Nothing worthwhile is easy. (w,e)

No w is e. E(we)No worthwhile thing is an easy thing.

14

Whoso loveth instruction loveth knowledge. (i,k)

All i is k. A(ik)All lovers of instruction are lovers of knowledge.

15

There is therefore now no condemnation to those who are in Christ Jesus. (j,c)

No j is c. E(jc)No one who is in Jesus Christ is one who is condemned.

16

The sacraments of the New Testament are Baptism and the Lord's supper. (s,a)

All s is a. A(sa)All of the New Testament sacraments are Baptism and the Lord's Supper.

17

In order to say something meaningful, one must use the law of contradiction. (m,l)

All m is l. A(ml)All those who say something meaningful are those who do so by virtue of the Law of Contradiction.

18

Some hold that God's sovereignty and man's responsibility are paradoxical. (s,p)

Some s is p. I(sp)Some hold that God's Sovereignty and man's responsibility are paradoxical.

19

Most of the questions in this exercise are easy (q,e)

Some q is e. I(qe)Some exercise questions are easy.

20

Fifty percent of eligible voters did not vote. (f,v)

Some f is non-v. I(fv' )Some eligible voters are persons who do not vote.


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