Answers 3

Written by Dr. Elihu Carranza

Tuesday, 19 August 2008 20:02

Exercise 3.1 1 K syllogism 2 D major term 3 G minor term 4 E middle term 5 C major premise 6 F minor term 7 J simple conversion 8 A conversion per accidens 9 B first figure 10 I second figure 11 L third figure 12 H fourth figure Exercise 3.2 1 All thinking beings are existing beings. I am a thinking being.Therefore, I am an existing being. AAA-1 Barbara ( A version of Cogito, ergo sum. It is questionable whether "existence" is a significant predicate.) 2 All communists are persons who practice what they preach.Some good Christians are persons who practice what they preach.Therefore, Some good Christians are communists.AII-2, Invalid by Rule 1; the middle term is undistributed. 3 All persons who are stupid are persons who swallow propaganda.No logic students are persons who are stupid.Therefore, No logic students are persons who swallow propaganda.AEE-1; Invalid, Rule 2; the major term in premise is undistributed. 4 All who know the truth are free indeed.All whom the Son makes free are those who know the truth.Therefore, All whom the Son makes free are free indeed.AAA-1; Barbara, Valid 5 No thing that is a descriptive science is a thing that can justify evaluations.All psychology-science is a descriptive science.Therefore, No psychology-science is a thing that can justify evaluations.EAE-1; Celarent, Valid. 6 All things done by God are good things.All God-predestinated-evil is a thing done by God.Therefore, All God-predestinated-evil is a good thing.AAA-1; Barbara, Valid. 7 No person who knows the truth is a slave of sin.All whom the son makes free are persons who know the truth.Therefore, No person whom the Son makes free is a slave of sin.EAE-1; Celarent, Valid 8 All theologians are former seminary students.Some former seminary students are poor scholars.Therefore, Some poor scholars are theologians.AII-4; Invalid, Rule 1; middle term is undistributed. 9 All change in our sense organs are changes that lead to deception at one time or another.All persons are persons who have changes in their sense organs.Therefore, All persons are persons who have changes that lead to deception at one time or another.AAA-1; Barbara, Valid 10 All system-starting-points, by definition, are indemonstrable axioms.All systems of philosophy (or theology) are systems that choose starting points.Therefore, All systems of thought are systems with indemonstrable axioms.AAA-1; Barbara, Valid; OR,No starting points of a system of thought are first principles that can be demonstrated.Every system of thought has starting points.Therefore, No system of thought has first principles that can be demonstrated.EAE-1; Celarent, Valid; Or, by obversion of the conclusion:Therefore, All systems of thought have indemonstrable first principles. Exercise 3.3 1 A axioms 2 C Rule I (Deduction) 3 D Rule II (Deduction) 4 E, F e strengthened formf weakened form 5 G Five Rules 6 B theorem 7 H necessary & sufficient.